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Aldynoglia 細胞在脊髓損傷后神經(jīng)炎癥和神經(jīng)免疫反應中的作用

Role of Aldynoglia Cells in Neuroinflammatory and Neuroimmune Responses after Spinal Cord Injury

Aldynoglia are growth-promoting cells with a morphology similar to radial glia and share properties and markers with astrocytes and Schwann cells. They are distributed in several locations throughout the adult central nervous system, where the cells of the aldynoglia interact and respond to the signals of the immune cells. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the functions of resident aldynoglia, identified as ependymocytes, tanycytes, and ependymal stem cells (EpSCs) of the spinal cord are crucial for the regeneration of spinal neural tissue. These glial cells facilitate axonal regrowth and remyelination of injured axons. Here, we review the influence of M1 or M2 macrophage/microglia subpopulations on the fate of EpSCs during neuroinflammation and immune responses in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases after SCI.

醛固膠質(zhì)細胞是一種生長促進細胞，其形態(tài)與徑向膠質(zhì)細胞相似星形膠質(zhì)細胞和雪旺細胞的特性和標記。它們分布在好幾個地方在整個成年中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中，痛覺神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞相互作用和反應免疫細胞的信號脊髓損傷(SCI)后，留置醛固酮的功能脊髓室管膜細胞、伸長細胞和室管膜干細胞(EpSCs)對脊髓神經(jīng)組織的再生至關重要。這些膠質(zhì)細胞促進軸突再生損傷軸突的再髓鞘化。本文綜述了M1或M2巨噬細胞/小膠質(zhì)細胞的影響急性神經(jīng)炎癥和免疫反應中EpSCs命運的亞群脊髓損傷后的亞急性期和慢性期。

細胞培養(yǎng)瓶

In the central nervous system (CNS), the activity of glial cells plays an essential role. They act like cellular support and constituting a source of growth factors in the CNS. After CNS injury, glial cells promote cell survival and neurogenesis in adults. Astroglial cells participate in the tripartite synapse as the third cellular component of pre- and postsynaptic neurons and act as a key regulator at the synapse . Oligodendroglial cells ensure synaptic transmission by enveloping axons and producing myelin . The function of aldynoglia, a glial cell subtype, promotes axonal growth, ensheathing, and myelination of neurons  and has been used in spinal cord injury models.

The close relationship between glial cells and neurons is of great importance for the functioning of CNS, both for myelination and the transmission of neurotransmitters, even if they come from a different progeny of precursor cells . Neurons and glial cells come from neuroectoderm, the precursors of glial cells will be found in both the ventricular and subventricular areas from where they migrate to more specific regions using neuron-like signals .

The highest percentage of glial cells in the brain are astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, but there are other types of glial cells such as radial glia, Müller glia cells, Bergman glial cells, pituicytes, tanycytes, and olfactory ensheathing cells. In addition, in the spinal cord are the ependymal cells, tanycytes, and cells of the central canal; together they are called aldynoglia cells, which remain in adulthood.

裝有培養(yǎng)基10層細胞工廠

在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中，膠質(zhì)細胞的活動起著至關重要的作用。它們的作用類似于細胞支持，在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中構成生長因子的來源。后中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷，膠質(zhì)細胞促進細胞存活和神經(jīng)發(fā)生在成人。Astroglial細胞參與三部突觸，作為同步前和同步后頂突神經(jīng)元的第三細胞成分，并在突觸[1]起關鍵調(diào)節(jié)作用。確保Oligodendroglial細胞通過包絡軸突和產(chǎn)生髓鞘[2]的突觸傳遞。的功能Aldynoglia，一種膠質(zhì)細胞亞型，促進軸突生長，鞘膜和髓鞘形成神經(jīng)元[3]被用于脊髓損傷。膠質(zhì)細胞與神經(jīng)元之間的密切關系對神經(jīng)細胞發(fā)育具有重要意義中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的功能，包括髓鞘形成和神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的傳遞如果它們來自前體細胞的不同后代。神經(jīng)元和膠質(zhì)細胞出現(xiàn)從神經(jīng)外胚層，神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞的前體將在腦室和從腦室下區(qū)域通過神經(jīng)元樣轉(zhuǎn)移到更具體的區(qū)域信號。大腦中膠質(zhì)細胞比例最高的是星形膠質(zhì)細胞和少突膠質(zhì)細胞，但也有其他類型的膠質(zhì)細胞，如徑向膠質(zhì)細胞，Müller膠質(zhì)細胞，Bergman膠質(zhì)細胞，垂體細胞，伸長細胞和嗅鞘細胞。此外，在脊髓中室管膜細胞、伸長細胞和中央管細胞;它們被稱為Aldynoglia細胞，存在于成年期。